Peter Cozzens

Peter Cozzens is a historian and distinguished former Foreign Service officer. He has written or edited 17 books about the Civil War and the American West. His latest is The Earth Is Weeping: The Epic Story of the Indian Wars for the American West.

Grant called “wars of extermination” “demoralizing and wicked” in 1873.

Secrets of American History

Ulysses S. Grant Launched an Illegal War Against the Plains Indians, Then Lied About It

The president promised peace with Indians — and covertly hatched the plot that provoked one of the bloodiest conflicts in the West

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