Document Deep Dive: The Musical History of "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Was the national anthem really set to the melody of a drinking tune? Take a closer look at the original manuscript of Francis Scott Key's song
- By Megan Gambino
- Smithsonian.com, June 13, 2012, Subscribe
Most Americans are familiar with the story of how our national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner,” came to be. Francis Scott Key, a 35-year-old lawyer and budding poet from Washington, D.C., was in Baltimore in September 1814, when the British bombarded Fort McHenry. He successfully negotiated the release of an American prisoner there, but the British insisted that he stay on the truce ship President during the battle, from September 13-14. Just miles from Fort McHenry, Key watched what he would later describe as the “rocket’s red glare” and the “bombs bursting in air”—and come morning, the hoisting of an American flag at the fort in victory.
Inspired by what he witnessed, Key wrote an impassioned four-stanza poem, or song. Over a century later, on March 3, 1931, President Herbert Hoover signed a bill into law that made Key’s patriotic song the official anthem of the United States.
The Maryland Historical Society counts among its most prized artifacts the original manuscript of “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The document is on display in the society’s new exhibition “In Full Glory Reflected: Maryland During the War of 1812.”
But how much do you know about Key’s musical influences? And about how the song was popularized?
David Hildebrand, director of the Colonial Music Institute, is an expert in early American music and has studied “The Star-Spangled Banner” in great depth, putting it into the musical context of its times. The following close analysis of the structure and lyrics of Key’s song is based on a conversation with the music historian.
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Comments (6)
The most memorable days of my life happened while standing on the soil of the great state of Maryland. My parents were married at Fort George G. Meade. I was born their. We lived in Bethesda while I attended Archbishop John Carroll H. S. I buried my grandparents at Arlington National. Maryland is where my heart will always be . P. S. Especially the beach at Ocean City. My dad loved Phillip's Crab House.
Posted by Michael Anthony Francis Smith on April 27,2013 | 06:42 PM
Key absolutely owned slaves. How many, though?
Posted by Dave Harris on March 28,2013 | 09:32 PM
Listen to the original lyrics: http://www.astrococktail.com/anacreon.html
Posted by Michael Backauskas on June 17,2012 | 04:18 PM
It is highly likely that Key owned slaves (this was a Southern state before the Civil War, after all), he also built and supported the first school in Maryland for the education of free blacks, so it might be assumed his servants were well treated, at least by the standards of the day.
Posted by Dani Rice on June 17,2012 | 01:17 PM
This is really good..thanks
Posted by Jay Gee on June 17,2012 | 11:26 AM
that's really cool
Posted by lacey on June 14,2012 | 03:13 PM