The Offbeat Museums of Europe
Lost souls, music boxes and shoes fill some of the continent's most peculiar collections
- By Tony Perrottet
- Smithsonian.com, May 17, 2011, Subscribe
Despite the proliferation of eccentric little museum in this country in recent decades, the United States has no monopoly on them. Europe has a venerable tradition of odd private collections that can be traced back to the Renaissance, when gentlemen and scholars would create their own cabinets of curiosity, each one a miscellany of ancient relics, natural history “wonders” and offbeat artworks, to amaze and impress their friends. Some of these, like the collection of 17th- century scholar Elias Ashmole in Oxford, became so large that they expanded into museums that were ultimately opened to the public. (Ashmole’s oddities were the basis of the current Ashmolean Museum, for example.) Here are five of today’s more intriguing collections that focus on specific niches and can be wonders in and of themselves:
1. The Museum of Souls in Purgatory—Rome, Italy
Almost hidden inside the sepulchral Church of the Sacred Heart near the banks of the Tiber is a small, shadowy room to the right of the altar. There, glass wall cabinets display an array of yellowing prayer books, frayed bed linen and ancient clothing, with each item appearing to have the mark of a human finger or hand burned into it. The ghostly scars on them, the guardians explain, are really pleas for assistance from lost souls to their loved ones. In Catholic theology, the spirits of the dead can be trapped for centuries between Heaven and Hell while atoning for their sins, but the prayers and masses of the living can hasten their passage. This belief, popular in the Middle Ages, began to lose credibility in the scientific age, so a French priest named Victor Jouet traveled around Western Europe in the early 1900s to gather “evidence” that troubled souls do indeed walk among us and need our assistance to escape their torment. Jouet himself died in the residential areas of the church, but his soul has left no mark – presumably Saint Peter allowed him through the gates of Heaven without assistance.
12 Lungotevere Prati, Rome; open 7-11 a.m. and 5-7 p.m.; free entry
2. Siegfried’s Mechanical Music Museum—Rüdesheim, Germany
Rüdesheim (pronounced Rude-ess-heim) is a popular stop for riverboats cruising the Rhineand filled with timber-walled medieval buildings, cuckoo clock stores and beer gardens containing live oom-pah-pah bands. But it’s also home to a fantastical museum, Siegfried’s Mechanical Music Cabinet. This is the brainchild of eccentric Siegfried Wendel, whose hobby in the 1960s was to rescue and repair 19th-century “automatic musical instruments” that were being discarded as scrap metal. Today, Herr Wendel is still at work in his 70s, and his Musik-Kabinett displays 350 or so automatic musical instruments—prototype jukeboxes, hand-cranked carnival machines and monstrous pianolas—all still in working order. Several gramophones still transmit voices directly from the 19th century, as they turn wax barrels that recorded the voices of opera legends such as Enrico Caruso. The most elaborate devices are the century-old orchestrions– huge wooden artworks as large as minibuses that play all the instruments of an orchestra, including trombones and cymbals. The sound can be deafening, and the first audiences in the early 1900s apparently regarded them as either unholy creations of the devil or the Eighth Wonder of the World. But everyone marvels at the device that plays six violins in perfect harmony like an invisible chamber group.
Oberstrasse 29, Rüdesheim am Rhein, open daily, 10 a.m.-6 p.m. (10 p.m. in summer); €6 entry; www.siegfrieds-musikkabinett.de.
3. The Cabinet War Rooms–London, England
In the dark days of the blitz, when Nazi bombs were raining on London, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his ministers were forced to run the war from a secret bunker below Whitehall. The accommodations were claustrophobic; ministers were often forced to sleep in cots as if in a public school dorm; and it was from here, via BBC radio microphone, that Churchill made some of his most famous speeches. These rooms remained in operation right up until the day after the Japanese surrender in August 1945, when staff simply turned off the lights and locked the doors. All but forgotten in the postwar reconstruction, the Cabinet Rooms were left intact until they were reopened to the public in the 1980s. The place itself is a thrilling step back in time: in the Map Room, the charts of Europe and the Pacific still have the pins where they were left on VJ Day. Churchill’s private bedroom was finally opened to viewing in 2003, followed by a Churchill Museum whose high-tech, interactive exhibits stand in stark contrast to the bunker’s primitive communication systems.
Clive Steps, King Charles St, London; open 9:30 a.m.-6 p.m. daily; £15.90 entry; www.cwr.iwm.org.uk
4. The Shoe Museum–Barcelona, Spain
With the depth of history in Europe, micro-museums can become enlightening slices of fascinating information. This is certainly true of the Museu del Calçat, devoted to the history of footwear. This quirky, one-room gallery is located inside the former headquarters of the medieval shoemakers guild, in one of the most elegant and serene plazas in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter, the Plaça Sant Felip Neri. (It wasn’t always serene: look for the bullet marks in the walls of the baroque church, relics of the executions conducted there during the Spanish Civil War.) Within the museum, glass cabinets display the entire development of shoes, from the all-weather ancient Roman sandals through the pointy (and wildly impractical) shoes of Renaissance noblewomen, to the gargantuan platform boots of the 1970s. The footwear from the 1700s onward is original, including leather musketeer boots, Arabian slippers and Victorian-era clown shoes. There are even shoe-relics of Catalan celebrities such as Pau Cassals, a famous (and tiny-heeled) cellist beloved in Barcelona. While few of the museum guardians speak English, they have been known to explain the exhibits in pantomimes.
5 Plaça Sant Felip Neri, 11 a.m.-2 p.m. Tues-Sun, €2.50 entry
5. The Museum of Hunting and Nature – Paris, France
Don’t be put off by the name or even the location, inside an old French hunting club: the Musée de la Chasse et la Nature is one of the most rewarding and inventive in Paris. Housed within an exquisitely restored aristocratic house in the historic Marais district on the Right Bank, it exhibits meticulously crafted artworks and artifacts that have surrounded the culture of European hunting since the Middle Ages–lush landscape paintings, ornately decorated crossbows, golden hunting horns, marble statues of boars in flight and antique firearms with their engineering carefully explained. But it is the method of display that is the most appealing. One room offers original Rubens and Breughel paintings, with the ceiling covered with owl feathers. There is an African-style trophy room, but the beasts roar (via recording) whenever you step close. There’s even a delightful Cabinet of the Unicorn, filled with historical treasures gathered by learned scholars in the 17th century that indisputably prove the creature’s existence.
62 Rue des Archives, Paris; open 11 a.m.-6p.m. Tues-Sun; €6 entry; www.chassenature.org
Regular Smithsonian contributor Tony Perrottet is the author of The Sinner’s Grand Tour: A Journey Through the Historical Underbelly of Europe, published in May; www.sinnersgrandtour.com
Subscribe now for more of Smithsonian's coverage on history, science and nature.
Comments (12)
This is a good list of museums. I have been to three of those museums last year when i was on my Europe tour and i must say that these museums are different from normal museums.
Posted by Mathew Leonard on July 13,2011 | 09:32 AM
I like it
Posted by St on June 7,2011 | 12:45 PM
I believe mr. Henry meant Rothenburg on the Tauber as the location of the torture museum. Mentioning that just in case someone might go looking for it...
Posted by Adam on June 2,2011 | 08:27 PM
I don't know whether this museum would be considered "obscure" or not, but certainly worth mentioning: Musee national du Moyen Age: The Cluny Thermae.
The National Museum of the Middle Ages is breathtaking, and a must-see for museum goers when in Paris.
Posted by Janet Thompson on June 2,2011 | 01:52 PM
There is also a museum of torture in San Gimignani, Italy. Unforgetable with such a beautiful town as a backdrop.
Posted by on June 1,2011 | 10:04 PM
Another quaint museum is the Dog Collar Museum at Leeds Castle in Kent, UK. The following is a partial quote of the pertinent information on the Leeds Castle site:
"Nearly 100 collars and related exhibits in the Leeds Castle Dog Collar Museum trace the history of canine neckwear from medieval to Victorian times.
"Originally assembled by the Irish medieval scholar John Hunt and his wife Gertrude, who presented the collars to Leeds Castle in 1979 in memory of her husband, the collection has since been extended by the Leeds Castle Foundation.
"The museum is also a tribute to the Castle’s last private owner, Olive, Lady Baillie, whose love of dogs inspired Gertrude Hunt to make the gift.
"Many of the earlier collars dating from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries were designed to protect the dog. It was a time when wolves, bears and wild boar roamed the forests of Europe and the vulnerable throats of hunting dogs were shielded by broad iron collars bristling with fearsome spikes."
Posted by Warren Hoppe on June 1,2011 | 07:44 PM
Since you mentioned the Barcelona Shoe museum, you must add the Museum of Bags and Purses in Amsterdam. It is wonderful and also has a great giftshop.
Posted by Gigi Carnes on May 23,2011 | 03:18 PM
Then there are the European museums who go where American museums are unwilling and/or unable to go. The Karl May Museum in Radebeul displays scalps collected in the mid-19th century by German explorers who got them from the Indians who had taken the scalps (i.e. done the original "collecting"). Scalping, originated by the Indians and copied (and occasionally exploited) by the European immigrants, is a part of history that American museums either ignore or mis-interpret when it is mentioned at all. Neither approach does the truth any justice.
Posted by Steve Friesen on May 20,2011 | 02:16 PM
Sir John Soane's Museum, in London, has long been one of my favorites.
Posted by jane bedno on May 20,2011 | 11:26 AM
Can I just clarify - the Ashmolean Museum was, in fact, based upon the collections of the John Tradescants, father and son plant hunters, whose collection passed to Ashmole, their lawyer, on their deaths. Much of the collection is now dispersed across the various University Museums in Oxford - including the Pitt Rivers and Natural History Museums - quite eccentric in themselves!
Another example is the Museum of Witchcraft in Boscastle, Cornwall. Brilliant.
Posted by Jenny on May 19,2011 | 05:32 PM
Great selection Tony, I wonder if the shoe museum is visited primarily by women....
Posted by Karin-Marijke Vis on May 18,2011 | 05:22 PM
Another must see is the Museum of Torture in Nuremburg, Germany.
Posted by Richard Henry on May 18,2011 | 11:50 AM