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The Tattoo Eraser

A new type of body art ink promises freedom from forever

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  • By Eric Jaffe
  • Smithsonian.com, January 01, 2007, Subscribe
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removable inks
The new removable inks are made from safe pigments and trapped in nano-sized, harmless polymer shells. (Courtesy of Freedom-2)

Photo Gallery (1/3)

Dr. Rox Anderson

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(Page 2 of 2)

"We're helping to change and make safe once again the art form of tattooing," says Martin Schmieg, the company's chief executive.

Freedom-2 inks could hit the market as early as mid-2007, offering a hedge to the growing population of people with a tattoo. A study in the September 2006 Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology showed that about one quarter of adults age 18 to 50 in the United States currently have a tattoo. Of those, almost 30 percent had considered removing or covering the tattoo with a new one, or had already covered it.

The new ink will also entice anyone too apprehensive to get inked in the first place, Schmieg predicts.

"The number one reason people don't get a tattoo is permanence," he says. "When you remove that issue, we believe there will be a natural growth in the number of people getting tattoos."

The scientists are also designing polymer shells that biodegrade on their own, without a laser's nudge, over a matter of months, says Edith Mathiowitz of Brown University, who engineered Freedom-2's beads.

"This could be a new type of jewelry," Mathiowitz says.

If Freedom-2 succeeds, it will dispel yet another contradiction: the scientifically researched tattoo. The new ink has been tested on laboratory animals and will soon undergo human clinical trials—an unprecedented amount of rigor for the tattoo industry, says Anderson.

"This is about greatly reducing the risk of getting a tattoo," he says.


Like jumbo shrimp or freezer burn, tattoo removal is a somewhat contradictory concept. From a purist's standpoint, a tattoo's permanence reflects the eternity of its subject: a guiding philosophy, the memory of a departed, one's love for mom. More practically, body art is plain hard to remove; throughout thousands of years of tattoo tradition, the perfect eraser has remained elusive.

Until now. A company called Freedom-2, formed by a group of scientists, aims to re-write that history, and to wipe out any unwanted tattoos along the way. The researchers have created body art that can be removed in full with a single laser treatment.

"The main problem we have with removing tattoos is you can't predict what the outcome's going to be," says Dr. Rox Anderson, a dermatologist at Harvard Medical School who co-founded Freedom-2. "We're removing that gamble."

Ancient forms of tattoo removal included primitive dermabrasion—scraping the skin with rough surfaces, such as sandpaper. Romans used such a method as early as the first century, when soldiers returned from exotic regions with taboo markings.

Modern laser tattoo removal is credited to University of Cincinnati dermatologist Leon Goldman, who unveiled his method in the late 1960s. Goldman's laser assaulted the tattooed skin with "hot vapor bursts" that left it charred, Time magazine described on Oct. 20, 1967. Even at its best, the process left behind "cosmetically acceptable scars."

In the late 1980s, Anderson improved Goldman's procedure, creating a laser system that removed a tattoo, scar and all. But even Anderson's method worked only three-quarters of the time, he says. The process is also unpredictable, requiring as many as 20 monthly treatments that can cost thousands of dollars a pop.

Enter Freedom-2, formed in 2004 by Anderson, Bruce Klitzman of Duke University, a few other colleagues and some business partners. The group takes a new approach to the removable tattoo conundrum. Instead of focusing on laser improvement, they have created an ink that dissolves naturally in the body when treated just once with a typical removal laser.

"I realized it's better to work on the ink than on the laser," Anderson says. "This is the first time a tattoo ink has actually been designed from a biological and material science point of view."

Typical tattoo inks are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. While some are made safely from carbon or iron oxide, others, particularly yellow compounds, contain carcinogens. The ink rests in tiny beads that remain lodged in the skin after a tattoo is applied. During removal, a laser blasts these nano-sized beads with enough heat to make them rupture, releasing the ink into the body. Some of the potentially harmful ink ends up in the body's lymph nodes, part of the immune system.

Freedom-2 inks are made from safe pigments—the orange ink, for example, contains beta-carotene, commonly found in carrots—and trapped in harmless polymer shells. When a Freedom-2 tattoo is removed by laser, the ink dissolves biologically, leaving only the innocuous, invisible shells.

"We're helping to change and make safe once again the art form of tattooing," says Martin Schmieg, the company's chief executive.

Freedom-2 inks could hit the market as early as mid-2007, offering a hedge to the growing population of people with a tattoo. A study in the September 2006 Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology showed that about one quarter of adults age 18 to 50 in the United States currently have a tattoo. Of those, almost 30 percent had considered removing or covering the tattoo with a new one, or had already covered it.

The new ink will also entice anyone too apprehensive to get inked in the first place, Schmieg predicts.

"The number one reason people don't get a tattoo is permanence," he says. "When you remove that issue, we believe there will be a natural growth in the number of people getting tattoos."

The scientists are also designing polymer shells that biodegrade on their own, without a laser's nudge, over a matter of months, says Edith Mathiowitz of Brown University, who engineered Freedom-2's beads.

"This could be a new type of jewelry," Mathiowitz says.

If Freedom-2 succeeds, it will dispel yet another contradiction: the scientifically researched tattoo. The new ink has been tested on laboratory animals and will soon undergo human clinical trials—an unprecedented amount of rigor for the tattoo industry, says Anderson.

"This is about greatly reducing the risk of getting a tattoo," he says.


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Comments (22)

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I HAVE TATTOO ON MY LEFT HAND OF HEART SHAPE WITH BLACK , RED & BLUE COLOR FILLED . THE ARTIST WAS NOT THAT GOOD IN ART AND THE TATTOO LOOK VERY UGLY. I WANT TO ERASE THE TATTOO WITH SOME TATTOO ERASER CREAM . PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHERE WILL I 'LL GET THE CREAM IN INDIA THE WHAT WILL BE THE COST OF CREAM AND HOW MUCH TIME IT WILL TAKE TO GET ERASE.

PLEASE REPLY BY MAIL
MY ID: 1972anu@gmail.com

Posted by Anita Bagwe on March 12,2012 | 01:05 AM

Erasable ink is a good idea. All you critics talking nonsense that a tattoo should be permanent, and it's a forever decision are wrong! And for all you other critics saying you don't like tattoos, just get out of here. No one likes you! Tattoos have become trendy, and although a tattoo is a forever decision, I'd at least like to have the option of easy and safe removal in the future. Look at it this way, if this becomes popular, and you are an artist that doesn't accept this, then I guess you eventually be looking for another line of work. When I get my next tattoo, and this ink is commercially available at the same quality as other inks, guess what my choice will be, even if the cost is more.

Your 18 year old son/daughter thought it would be cool to get a tattoo on their neck. You've tried explaining to them that's not a good idea, because they do not know what the future holds. They thought they were going to be an artist, a musician, or whatever. As we all know, we grow up, and what we though we were going to be changes. Now they become educated, have a family, find out they'd be happier and more successful in the corporate world, but that darn tattoo stops them from moving forward, because it is unprofessional in the field they want to pursue. So, they either live with the tattoo, or have to go through painful treatment, to only be left with a scar, or take a position that's not so lucrative, and the result is less in life for their family.

Yep, so removable ink is a good idea, and if you don't think so, you are not such a smart individual. You either do not have children, haven't grown up, or are closed minded to others views. And yes, what other people think does matter sometimes. Maybe not when you are out riding with your tattoo arm sleeves exposed, but when you decide that you enter the corporate world, and are limited by other peoples decisions. Discrimination is real, whether you like it or not.

Given the choice, I'd like to have this choice!!

Posted by Jesse on October 10,2010 | 03:24 AM

I think ultimately that many tattoos are done impulsively without long-term planning. That is what makes companies like advanced laser of northeast michigan or any of the number of cosmetic laser companies that are out there specialize in part of their business for tattoo removal. I would be concerned about the polymer packages resting under MY skin for a non-permanent tattoo, so in the near term for the indecisive just get a set of henna tattoos that come off and keep putting them on. :-) Take a look at a picture of someone that has a tattoo removed after a bad decision at http://www.tattooremovalnortheastmichigan.com or google images of tattoo removal in the google image directory and see what I am talking about. It is time consuming to remove them with lasers and for some the new technology, if it is priced right, might work otherwise just stick with the henna stuff.

Posted by Lary on September 17,2010 | 12:15 PM

Not everyone can appreciate all forms of art, which is why there are so many different varieties. I would agree that in general people with tattoos are the ones that best appreciate the art, because they are most likely more knowledgeable about it than those without. Just because you don't know how to play an instrument doesn't mean you don't enjoy music though.

Yes, a lot of people don't get the best tattoos because they aren't thoughtful enough or don't do enough research, and yes there are some shady tattoo artist that probably shouldn't have their license nor should they be working out of a basement. But honestly, when has generalizing an entire group ever been correct?

Tattoos have been accepted and frown upon by society for thousands of years, whether they're used to decorate war heros or brand thieves. If you can't handle the responsibility of a tattoo, don't get one. If you want some art on your skin for a while, see how you handle henna tattoos (it's a stain ink that washes off after a few weeks).

I think the whole appeal of tattoos is their permanence, they encourage human interaction and can be a person's rock through a difficult time. It's a permeant statement to one's self or to the world, regardless if you stand by it for the rest of your life or not. If you're concerned about jobs or being accepted by people who discourage tattoos, have a placement that's appropriately shown and appropriately covered.

I think if this "freedom" ink as someone called it was to become popular it would be an entirely separate trend than "real" tattoos. It would be like the difference between automatic and standard cars. Some people know how to appreciate the difference, other's don't.

Posted by Sarah on June 14,2010 | 01:40 PM

Has anybody ever come up with a hypodermic solution that could possibly erase tattoos permanently? I have 12 that I want to have removed. Laser evidently isn't the best way. Try removing the tattoos the same way they were put on. I'm sure a chemist can formulate something...

Posted by eugene on April 17,2010 | 12:52 AM

Your Mammy, A lot of people like tattoos---even those who DON'T have one---yet! I wanted one from the time I was 18 and adored other people's. But I never got one cuz everyone said "They keep you from getting good jobs" or "They make you look like a gang member", etc. When I was 40 years old I was in a horrific car wreck and I thought "If I had died I would have died regretting that I never got a tattoo, if I want one I need to get one as soon as I can." I was 40 when I got my first one and I have a total of 8 and am saving up for my next one...... I'm 55 and I don't regret any of them..a couple aren't as crisp as I wish but they still express what I got them for. A couple are fading but I can get them touched up.... I still love them all. And I want more. Every one means something important and I regret that I don't have enough canvas for all of my art!

Posted by mickisbetter on December 12,2009 | 04:41 AM

People are ridiculous. Just because someone has a tattoo doesn't make them an idiot. You shouldn't judge someone because they have a tattoo, not everyone has tribal armbands and tramp stamps!!!!!! Tattoos have been around for centuries why can't people grasp this concept yet? It has nothing to do with you, it's just a way of life. Just like picking other people's personality based on appearance is apart of most of your life! People I know don't get tattoos to be weird, I was weird long before I got a tattoo, they don't get them to be cool or to draw attention to themselves and I surely don't think people get them to improve their appearance? Seriously? Yeah some people might fit in these catagories, but there are just as many if not more people that don't have them and slide right into these catagories as well! Get over yourself! Go find a hobby or something better to fill your time! There is no difference between someone with a tattoo and someone without a tattoo, if someone truly believes there is a difference, then you are the idiot! I am so sick and tired of people judging people because they freaking have tattoos. Thanks for giving me one more reason to love mine- To ward away people like you! (To the man above me and to every other narrow minded individual who conforms in this way!) Keep following the sheep! Sometimes people make me want to run away to the mountains and never come out of my house.

Posted by Holly on December 11,2009 | 12:48 AM

The top reasons I think Tattoos are stupid:

1. They are waaaaaay over done now a days...they used to be something weird, exotic,and dangerous....now it's more weird if you find someone without them.
2.They are narcissistic....lets face it...the reason you get a tattoo is because you are into you, and you want other people to look at you and your tattoo (sounds like a verse from a Dr.Suess book)
3. They don't improve anyones appearance at all! Either if you are ugly, or stunningly beautiful. When is the last time you saw a beautiful person and thought....they are truly gorgeous...but if they just had a tattoo of an exotic leopard on their arm/back/chest/(pick a winner) they would just look even better....no ....it makes beautiful people look less beautiful...and ugly people look even uglier.

SOMEONE HAD TO SAY IT...THE ONLY PEOPLE WHO LIKE TATTOOS ARE PEOPLE WITH TATTOOS!

Posted by Your Mammy on December 8,2009 | 02:37 PM

I think this type of product is simply the next step in the evolution of the tattoo, and I think it is great. I have many tattoos over more than half my body, but I WILL admit that I dislike two of mine - because they were done poorly. After staring at the mistakes waving around in front of me for 10 years and having trusted artists tell me these can't even be reworked because they're so damaged, I have begun laser removal.

Yes, part of the fundamantal nature of the tattoo lies in its permanence; however, the work is NEVER completely guaranteed. It is also said "the only constant in life is change": perhaps this adds to the appeal of a tattoo's permanence as a sign of stability in a world of flux. That said, though, none of us can guarantee who we will become or how we will change over time, and how those tattoos will work into our own self-image. For my laser removal, I have been visiting a clinic in specializing in laser removal for ex-gang members. Consider the benefits of removal in this case. Sure, these people made the mistake in getting the wrong thing tattooed, but does this mean they ought to be stuck with their mistakes as they try to become better people? Sure, chances are this product is too pricey for gang members and prisoners to use anyway, but as it becomes more mainstream the cost may drop as distribution spreads.

Also, my immune system is wiped for three full weeks post-removal; it is an exhaustion akin to mono. Anyhing to create less of an immunological impact would be wonderful.

My tattoos are symbolic of my own independence and self-expression, and they weren't done for anyone but me. With that in mind, I don't feel I should have to explain myself in my reasoning behind obtaining one, or removing it, and neither should anyone else. It is YOUR body. That's the point. So, any of you who are too upset about what someone else is doing with their tattoos really ought to find a new hobby. It isn't your business anyway.

Posted by Kat on July 18,2009 | 08:05 PM

To the tattoo purists: For me, this isn't about being afraid of your tattoo lasting forever. I want all of mine to last forever. But this is about being able to correct mistakes made by tattoo artists you trusted but that pushed the needle into the skin too much, leaving a tatto "bruise", and also to correct fading that happens after a few years.

Wouldn't it be nice to have your treasured tattoos looking crisp and sharp for your entire life? With these beads, I can't see the ink spreading and ruining a design that you love.

It's about efficiency and preserving beautiful art. Now who could be against that?

Posted by CC on June 5,2009 | 09:48 PM

Id just like to say having 13 tattoos and thinking very carefully myself about wot i wanted done i did have a unicorn and a name on my lower arm wich in time looked blurred i then went and had a cover up done by a tattoo artist who i checked out ,i explained wot i wanted but the end result was a mess,ive had some more added to block out the mistakes this person did and ended up in hospital for 5 days with blood poisoning so both these last two tattoos were no fault of my own except for trying to make it look decent ...now im left with a circle of black with a celtic centre with colour underneath from the previous tattoo and I ABSOLOUTLY HATE IT !!!! dont get me wrong im crazy about tattoos but this has been the bain of my life for a few years now ,ive had one laser treatment wich had lightened it with some tiny gaps in the ink but the pain is bad!! its like an elastic band being flicked on your skin ,but i will carry on till im rid of this one way or another ....i do agree dont get a tattoo unless u plan to keep it for life all im saying is some times its not the customers fault ,some times its dodgy tattoo artists . MY advice is if ya not happy then speak up and say b4 its to late

Posted by lisa on May 5,2009 | 03:43 PM

It seems to me that causing pain and harm to unwilling animal participants so that people who have the foresight to know that they are going through a temporary tattoo appreciating phase can endure semi-painful dermal puncture wounds is more than a bit silly - if not narcissistic and mean. To me this seems much uglier and idiotic than any criticisms Cathy and Justin have made.

Posted by Jessica on April 4,2009 | 04:27 PM

Maybe the individual loved the tattoo for many years and now the beautiful Butterfly looks like a big droopy blob. I think this is a wonderful advancement for the aging tattooed generation ;-)

Posted by Tina on January 8,2009 | 08:07 PM

It is OK going forward and getting an erasable tattoo. However, for those with an existing tattoo they want to get rid of (and the comments posted suggestes that there are a few) a promising removal system can be found at www.tattooerase.com

Posted by Richard Birks on June 25,2008 | 10:36 AM

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