Celebrating St. Patrick
On March 17, everyone's green-even the Chicago River. Yet St. Patrick remains colored in myth.
- By Amy Crawford
- Smithsonian.com, March 01, 2007, Subscribe
Chicago has been dying its river green on St. Patrick's Day since 1962. The emerald color lingers for up to five hours, and authorities say the vegetable-based dye is environmentally sound. Corbis
On St. Patrick's Day, the Chicago River will turn an unnatural shade of green when city officials dump 40 pounds of dye into the water. Some 150,000 people will march up New York's Fifth Avenue to the strains of bagpipes, and from Montreal to Moscow revelers will deck themselves in green and swig pints of Guinness. As the saying goes, everyone's Irish on St. Patrick's Day—even if you're Korean, French or British.
Most honorary Irish recognize St. Patrick as the bishop who introduced Christianity to the Emerald Isle. Legend tells us that he drove all of Ireland's snakes into the sea and used the native shamrock to teach new converts about the Christian trinity. But the historical Patrick "was nothing like the stories at all," says Philip Freeman, a historian at Iowa's Luther College and the author of St. Patrick of Ireland. "St. Patrick was not a miracle worker. He was just a regular guy who had a vision and worked very hard. But his real life is much more fascinating than the myths."
The little we know about St. Patrick comes from two long letters he wrote toward the end of his life, one assailing a British warlord who had kidnapped and murdered a group of Patrick's converts, and another defending himself against criticism from the British Church. The Patrick who wrote these letters is "a man full of insecurities and doubt," Freeman says, but "he's a man of tremendous faith at the same time."
In both letters, Patrick asks his readers to forgive his poor Latin, calling himself "the most unsophisticated and unworldly among all the faithful of God." The self-portrait that emerges from his writing has little in common with the St. Patrick most people wearing "Kiss me, I'm Irish" shirts imagine.
Though he would become the patron saint of Ireland, St. Patrick was actually British. A citizen of the Roman Empire, Patricius—his Latin name—was born into the nobility some time between A.D. 390 and 400. Though his family was Christian, they were not devout, and young Patrick was an atheist. He lived the comfortable life of a rich man's son until, at 15 years old, he was kidnapped by pirates, taken to Ireland and sold into slavery.
Patrick's fate was not unusual. Beginning in the 360s and continuing into the fifth century, Irish pirates raided villas up and down the west coast of Britain, capturing slaves to sell back in Ireland. "I was led away as a slave to Ireland, as were so many thousands of others," Patrick wrote later. "We had abandoned God...so God poured his anger on us and scattered us among the hordes of barbarians who live at the edge of the world."
The Romans considered Ireland to be the end of the Earth, a barely habitable island of ice and savagery. Some Greek and Roman geographers even alleged that the Irish were cannibals. Julius Caesar called the island "Hibernia," or "winter land," and anyone who found himself enslaved in this remote wasteland was considered as good as dead. Patrick spent the next six years of his life tending sheep for an Irish landowner, living in a hovel and enjoying no rights at all. To cope, he turned to prayer, earning the mock nickname "Holy Boy."
When he was 21, Patrick writes in one of his letters, he had a dream in which God told him to leave his master and escape Ireland. After walking some 185 miles through the Irish wilderness, fugitive Patrick obtained passage on a ship that eventually returned him to Britain and his family. There he had another dream, in which the Irish begged him to bring them Christianity. In Patrick's mind, he had no choice in the matter: He believed God was calling him. After training to become a priest, Patrick returned to the land of his captors.
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Comments (1)
Having visited the beautiful country of Ireland on two occasions and having been very impressed with the genuine warmth and hospitality shown to us by nearly every Irish citizen we met, I can't help but wonder if the Christian virtue of hospitality (clearly taught in the New Teatament epistles of Paul) prove that national attitudes can be influenced for centuries by one good man
Posted by Bill Adams on March 19,2008 | 11:48 PM