Seeing Sylvia Plath
A new movie rekindles curiosity about the poet's life, love and suicide at age 30
- By Robert F. Howe
- Smithsonian magazine, November 2003, Subscribe
(Page 7 of 8)
Hughes had published more work and to better reviews than Plath, but her suicide spawned a virtual cottage industry of analysis, criticism and biography; in death, Plath began to eclipse him. It was as if every learned observer wanted to solve the riddle of why Plath, so talented and so young, took her life. Many were quick to point accusing fingers at Hughes. To feminists, Plath became a kind of martyr, a victim of an era—and of a domineering man. (As a measure of how high passions ran, Plath’s gravestone was repeatedly defaced, her married name, Hughes, chipped off.)
The attack on Hughes sharpened six years later when Assia killed herself and 4-year-old Shura, the daughter she had had with Hughes, by putting their heads in a gas oven in seeming solidarity with Plath. Hughes’ old friend Lucas Myers says that Hughes felt powerless to prevent Plath’s suicide, but believed he could have saved Assia. “During those six years between Sylvia’s death and Assia’s death, Ted could not, did not, get his life so arranged so that he and Assia could establish a household,” says Myers. But time, further research and the publication in the past 20 years of Plath’s journals and Hughes’ letters suggest to some that Hughes may simply have been a convenient, or politically expedient, scapegoat.
Alvarez is one of the very few who postulates that Plath probably expected to be rescued: “She set things up to be saved. But she was beyond caring.” Late the night before, according to Alvarez, she knocked on a downstairs neighbor’s door, ostensibly to borrow stamps. She questioned him pointedly about what time he got up in the morning. She also knew that the au pair was scheduled to show up relatively early. Alvarez suggests that she was counting on the neighbor to smell the gas or the baby sitter to open the door to save her. But the au pair had no key, and the neighbor was himself knocked unconscious by gas that seeped downstairs.
Wintering author Kate Moses believes that Plath displayed the symptoms of bipolar disorder, which may have been aggravated by a severe form of premenstrual syndrome. Moses adds that Plath may also have learned that Assia was pregnant.
Plath herself had become acutely concerned about her mental health. Realizing that she was exhibiting symptoms similar to those she experienced before her suicide attempt years earlier, she had sought psychiatric help. Adoctor, John Horder, who was arranging therapy sessions for Plath, first prescribed an antidepressant. Hughes later surmised that the psychoactive drug was itself the culprit, noting (as did Horder) that such a drug can pull a patient out of the doldrums just enough to provide the energy and will to carry out a suicide.
Hughes was also condemned by detractors for destroying Plath’s last journal, or parts of it; among varying responses, he said that its contents would simply have been too painful to her family, especially their children. No trace of the novel she had supposedly begun was ever found. Some suggest that Hughes had simply eradicated documents that portrayed him in an unkind light, a conclusion that even he conceded was inevitable. “I saw quite clearly from the first day that I am the only person in this business who cannot be believed by all who need to find me guilty,” Hughes wrote to Anne Stevenson, shortly after her controversial Plath biography, Bitter Fame, was published in 1989. For her part, Middlebrook defends Hughes: “Anyone who criticizes him isn’t giving enough weight to the crushing guilt that followed from Plath’s death and his own horrible situation afterward. It took him a while to get his feet down, probably ten years.”
Hughes, in fact, must be credited with making sure that Plath’s work would be read. She had spent a great deal of time arranging the order of the Ariel poems. But when a publisher turned the manuscript down, Hughes agreed to revise the organization, and the book was published in England in 1965 and the United States in 1966. Author Kate Moses notes, however, that Plath’s version of Ariel was “fragile but hopeful,” while Hughes’ reorganization turned the poems into a “long, slow, painful, furious ‘suicide note.’ ” Says Moses, “This is why we think of Sylvia Plath as we do— because of how Ariel was published and what it seemed to tell us about her.”
Hughes also arranged for the publication, in 1981, of Plath’s Collected Poems and, later, her journals. It is especially sad, says Karen Kukil, associate curator of rare books at Smith and editor of the journals, that Hughes got to know his wife better after her death. “In reading her journals, he wrote a lot of his Birthday poems,” says Kukil. “In a way he learned a great deal about her and what she was thinking by reading her journals after she died.”
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Comments (2)
I truly believe Sylvia Plath was a genius, but the thoughts I constantly get from reading her unabridged journals are that she was very good and exceptional at describing everyone and everything around her and others, a type of writing decorator of sorts, however her stream of consciouness style of writing, her poetry and even her novel, "The Bell Jar" depict a voice of a writer who is almost unnaturally detached from society. There are no warm human moments or personal encounters. No strong relationships with friends or others. It is the voice of a writer in a vacuum, who seems almost robotic, lifeless or empty.
I think if she would have been able to form a few strong personal bonds with friends, family, boyfriends or anyone. This perhaps would have made her more prolific as a writer, because she is always mentioning how she has to make the characters in the poetry appear "real" or "true" as if she really did not know what exactly that was, and most importantly it could have saved her life to have a few "trustworthy" people to turn to in her time of despair.
Posted by marlene cabada on August 19,2010 | 05:28 PM
Ah yes. Two of poetry's ambassadors of verse,streaked along the literary clock,with abandoned speed. For their love of each other and poetry is apparent to all. Many artist and poets and celebrities have succomed to depressional seasons,which in turn,have taken,many a gifted life. Vincent Van Gogh,Ms.Plath,Elvis Presley,Marlyn Monroe,to name a few. Death's destiny meets many with a spirited kiss,of premature department,of this mortaled world. Hughe's and Plath's paths had crossed in full,heartened unity. 'Tis so sad that she took her life,so early in her poetic career,tho' to all,she was gifted,well,and admired and respected,full.
Posted by Michael Gale on January 25,2009 | 03:41 PM