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Long Overdue, the Bookmobile Is Back

Even in the age of the Kindle and the Nook, the library on wheels can still attract an audience

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  • By Jeff Greenwald
  • Smithsonian.com, February 23, 2011, Subscribe
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Bookmobile in community
By the mid-20th century bookmobiles had become a part of American life, with more than 2,000 plying our inner cities and rural roadways. (Bettmann / Corbis)

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Tom Corwin clearly recalls the day when, on a whim, he decided to buy and restore a classic bookmobile.

“The best ideas just happen to you,” says Corwin, a writer and musician whose boyish, intense enthusiasm is highly contagious. “A friend came to dinner, and showed me the ad. He was hoping to use the bookmobile to extend his home library—into his back yard. When he realized it wouldn’t fit, I had an idea: Get well-known authors behind the wheel of the bookmobile, taking turns on a drive across the country, talking about the books that have touched their lives. What a great way to remind people of our connection to the written word, and how powerful it can be.”

Corwin, who lives just north of San Francisco, picked up the vehicle in Chicago. Made by Moroney— a family-owned company in Massachusetts, and America’s last hand-builder of bookmobiles— the mobile library had just been retired after 15 years of travel. Its sturdy oak shelves had showcased more than 3,200 books.

As Corwin navigated his new ride through the streets of Chicago, he was approached by an African-American man who asked if it was possible to peek inside. Bookmobiles, the man said, had been a fundamental inspiration while growing up in rural Mississippi in the mid-1960s. The public library had been closed to blacks—but the bookmobile stopped right on his street, a portal into the world of literature.

The gentleman was W. Ralph Eubanks: today an acclaimed author, and director of publishing for the Library of Congress.

“In contrast to the summer heat in south Mississippi, the bookmobile was frigid inside,” remembers Eubanks. “The librarians did not care that I was barefoot, and wearing a pair of raggedy shorts. All they cared about was that I wanted to read—and to help me find something I would enjoy reading.”

Eubanks’ story is just one example of the pivotal role bookmobiles have played in literary culture, and individual lives, for more than 150 years.

The first bookmobile seems to have appeared in Warrington, England, in 1859. That horse-drawn cart, a “perambulating library,” lent some 12,000 books during its first year of operation—a century before the sleek vehicle that would visit Arlington, Massachusetts, during my own elementary school years.

America’s first “traveling branch library” plied the county roads of Maryland, championed by visionary librarian Mary Titcomb. “Filled with an attractive collection of books and drawn by two horses,” wrote Titcomb, “with Mr. Thomas the janitor both holding the reins and dispensing the books, it started on its travels in April 1905.”


Tom Corwin clearly recalls the day when, on a whim, he decided to buy and restore a classic bookmobile.

“The best ideas just happen to you,” says Corwin, a writer and musician whose boyish, intense enthusiasm is highly contagious. “A friend came to dinner, and showed me the ad. He was hoping to use the bookmobile to extend his home library—into his back yard. When he realized it wouldn’t fit, I had an idea: Get well-known authors behind the wheel of the bookmobile, taking turns on a drive across the country, talking about the books that have touched their lives. What a great way to remind people of our connection to the written word, and how powerful it can be.”

Corwin, who lives just north of San Francisco, picked up the vehicle in Chicago. Made by Moroney— a family-owned company in Massachusetts, and America’s last hand-builder of bookmobiles— the mobile library had just been retired after 15 years of travel. Its sturdy oak shelves had showcased more than 3,200 books.

As Corwin navigated his new ride through the streets of Chicago, he was approached by an African-American man who asked if it was possible to peek inside. Bookmobiles, the man said, had been a fundamental inspiration while growing up in rural Mississippi in the mid-1960s. The public library had been closed to blacks—but the bookmobile stopped right on his street, a portal into the world of literature.

The gentleman was W. Ralph Eubanks: today an acclaimed author, and director of publishing for the Library of Congress.

“In contrast to the summer heat in south Mississippi, the bookmobile was frigid inside,” remembers Eubanks. “The librarians did not care that I was barefoot, and wearing a pair of raggedy shorts. All they cared about was that I wanted to read—and to help me find something I would enjoy reading.”

Eubanks’ story is just one example of the pivotal role bookmobiles have played in literary culture, and individual lives, for more than 150 years.

The first bookmobile seems to have appeared in Warrington, England, in 1859. That horse-drawn cart, a “perambulating library,” lent some 12,000 books during its first year of operation—a century before the sleek vehicle that would visit Arlington, Massachusetts, during my own elementary school years.

America’s first “traveling branch library” plied the county roads of Maryland, championed by visionary librarian Mary Titcomb. “Filled with an attractive collection of books and drawn by two horses,” wrote Titcomb, “with Mr. Thomas the janitor both holding the reins and dispensing the books, it started on its travels in April 1905.”

By the mid-20th century bookmobiles had become a part of American life, with more than 2,000 plying our inner cities and rural roadways. But shrinking budgets and rising costs have dimmed their prominence. Less than 1,000 bookmobiles now serve the continental U.S. and Alaska and they often show up in some unlikely places. The last bookmobile I encountered, before Tom Corwin’s, was parked at the sprawling Burning Man festival in the Nevada desert. A surprising number of celebrants were happy to forego the all-night revelry, and curl up instead with borrowed copies of Tender is the Night or The Yiddish Policeman’s Union.

Bookmobiles are still in service abroad. In at least three African and South American countries, camels and donkeys draw mobile libraries from town to town. Thailand drafts elephants into use, while Norway’s modern library ship Epos has served tiny coastal communities with its cargo of 6,000 volumes since 1963.

If Corwin realizes his vision, bookmobiles may slowly edge their way back into the mainstream. His planned documentary—Behind the Wheel of the Bookmobile—will feature interviews with renowned authors as they maneuver the Moroney across North America, giving away books donated by authors and publishers (http://bookmobiletravels.com/Home.html). To date more than 40 writers have signed on, including Amy Tan, Dave Eggers, Michael Chabon and April Sinclair. Author Daniel Handler, aka Lemony Snicket, was one of Corwin’s test pilots. He gleefully recalls his experience with a lumbering vehicle “full of books and shaky, like a writer's mind. The experience of driving it reminded me of trying to get a mountain to listen to reason.”

Writers who grew up with bookmobiles seem imprinted with a sense of gratitude, and unforgotten inspiration. “There was a bookmobile in Marin,” recalls Bird by Bird author Anne Lamott, “that you saw all the time. I have mystical dreamscape memories of climbing on board.”

Author and conservationist Terry Tempest Williams tells how she “waited with my brother for the bookmobile to come up our hill each Saturday. It was all part of the magic of our childhood, where books and natural history were all part of the same narrative of spending time outside.“

“The summer I turned eleven,” says Ralph Eubanks, “William Faulkner’s The Reivers came off the shelf of the bookmobile. It was the first book I read by a Mississippi author, the first hint that someone from my part of the world could also become a writer.”

These memories recall the era when a printed book was a precious thing. Today, the access once provided by bookmobiles is being usurped by iPads, Kindles and the Internet. The speed and convenience of these devices, combined with the staggering wealth of online content, makes them deeply seductive. With the digital revolution changing our reading habits, will bookmobiles become obsolete?

Tom Corwin believes not. “I sometimes read books on my iPhone,” he admits. “But there’s a different relationship with something made of pulp and ink. Books have a texture, a smell. There’s a sensual relationship with a book that we lose in the digital world.”

“It’s still a damn good technology,” agrees Ethan Canin, author of America, America. “If paper books continue to thrive, I think it will be for their practical qualities: light, cheap, not-likely-to-be-stolen, difficult to break, easily displayable -- and eminently lendable.”

But it’s not just about books. There’s also the human-to-human connection with bookmobile librarians, who steer and inspire their visitors’ reading patterns.

Though she agrees with Corwin and Canin, Martha Buckner—a bookmobile librarian in Ashland, Ohio since 2003—admits that the digital revolution is changing her audience. “While we serve members of all ages, we’ve began shifting our focus to preschools and daycares. We strongly believe that it is important that young children have a positive library experience, and that a book in every hand is crucial to promoting early literacy and future educational success.”

For Daniel Handler, who has written more than a dozen books for children, that “library experience” translates to a real-world adventure: a process of exploration and discovery that an e-reader can’t provide.

“In the digital world,” Handler observes, “searching is easy—and browsing is hard. The Internet can help you find what you're looking for, but a library finds you things you didn't even know you wanted. The bookmobile thus is a portable, wandering marvel, that searches you out in a world that more and more waits for you to search instead.”

“They’re traveling cathedrals of beauty and truth and peace,” Anne Lamott adds reverently. “A place where children can have access to all the great wisdom of the ages – from the deepest and most profound truths to the greatest belly-laughs.”

In late 2011, Tom Corwin hopes, his bookmobile will hit the road with a library of 3,000 old-fashioned books—along with a few donated e-book readers. Each technology has its pros and cons, and each must be a part of any conversation about literacy and learning. With any luck, Corwin’s beautifully restored Moroney 240-B will offer the best of both worlds.

Jeff Greenwald is the author of The Size of the World and Snake Lake.


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Comments (15)

If you are ever visiting St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands stop by our busy, colorful bookmobile!

Posted by Annette Olsen on September 23,2011 | 11:48 AM

Sorry about the slip up with Chabon's book title! An understandable mistake, though -- at Burning Man, every sort of union feels like a ball.

Posted by Jeff Greenwald (author) on May 20,2011 | 01:45 PM

SF Librarian, thank you for the catch. We indeed had the title wrong and the story has been updated.

Posted by Maura McCarthy, Web Editor on March 17,2011 | 02:00 PM

Thanks for a charming article! Bookmobiles are thriving here in San Francisco.

One suggestion: according to Books in Print, there isn't a book called The Yiddish Policeman's Ball. Perhaps you're thinking of Michael Chabon's novel The Yiddish Policemen's Union?

Posted by SF Librarian on March 15,2011 | 12:12 PM

Thirty-three years ago when I lived in Scarborough Ontario I worked in the bookmobile service which the Scarborough Public Library System operated. At that time there was two 18 wheelers outfitted for this purpose. We travelled to the areas of Scarborough that were without a branch library close enough for easy access by residents. We also stopped at schools in some of these areas as well.

I thoroughly enjoyed that job since we were providing a service that many of our patrons could not find any other way. It was very satisfying to help children find books to stretch their imaginations and information banks.

I don't know if the library system continues to have bookmobiles, but I hope they do because I am sure many of those patrons who used it in the 1970's have fond memories of books they read and librarians who helped them.

Posted by Linda Hale on March 8,2011 | 01:17 PM

Very interesting article about bookmobiles.

The claims about paper books is naively sentimental.

In surveys asking why people own Kindles and Nooks, the owners talk about the greater online selection of books, access to free books, storing more books in their crowded homes, ability to walk around with more books and ability to hold books and turn their pages with carpal tunnel and arthritic hands.

Forrester Research's summer 2010 survey of 4,000 US adults discovered that eBook readers are the most devoted readers of books.

In my own survey, Kindle and Nook owners claimed to read some more books (8%), more books (46%) and many more books (30%).

eBooks is about reading books, not smelling them.

Posted by Chris Rippel on March 8,2011 | 11:42 AM

Back in the fifties, our family lived across the street from Longfellow School in Sioux Falls, SD. The bookmobile came to us on Mondays there and on Fridays, it was about a mile away at St. Mary's School. My sister Pam and I would check out 5 books on Monday and return them for 5 more on Friday during those summers. Mom made sure we only had one Laura Ingalls Wilder book each ( we read them over and over) and I had only one horse book each time, so our reading would be varied.

Posted by Peg Miller on March 8,2011 | 10:33 AM

We have a bookmobile in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. In fact we have only had the new one for a few years. The last one had many years on it. Our county is larger than the State of Road Island and so with 4 branches there are many areas that don't have a library go by. There are many people in our county that don't have vehicles and rely on others to take them places. Our bookmobile goes to them. My father was military and we did not have bookmobiles but rather the main or branch libraries which I visited. Later I took my boys to the local library at lot. Part of the reason I worked hard to find funding for the new book mobile is make sure other had the opportunity that I had to read.

I think it is a great idea for the authors to go around. The personal touch especially from a "real" author could be a great influence on child and adults alike. Who know who might decided to read or write a book because of this mission!

Posted by Kate Berger on March 5,2011 | 11:07 AM

I notice the Bookmobile all over town (Kenosha) now that I have met Tom's Bookmobile personally. I see it at the Harbor Market on Saturdays, at the old folks home on Wednesdays, and the grocery store on the south side on Mondays.

I regret not having Bookmobile memories but they are replaced by my wonderful memories of the Children's Library just a couple blocks from the grand Main Library designed by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham. The Children's Library was a beautiful old stone Unitarian Church with children-size round tables on either side of where the aisles would have been and the reading rooms in the transept; and the books for the oldest kids were on the altar of the building under the big stain glass window. When I grew up and left Wisconsin to live on the West Coast for 40 years I was surprised to find that not even the adult libraries rivaled what we had in walking distance downtown for children.

It no longer is used as the Children's Library. It was once a restaurant in the 70s and 80s (well loved by us readers) and now is a Unitarian Church again.

Posted by Margaret Heller on March 4,2011 | 09:15 AM

Perfect. The bookmobile parked in front of my Thorndike Road Elementary School in Worcester, Massachusetts in the 1940s and 1950s was a sweet experience for me. Libraries have always held me captive, and lately I've thought that a bookmobile revival would have great revelance. There's no better way to bring reading pleasures to youngsters everywhere. I wish you success as you travel the country and shall watch for your Massachusetts visit.

Sarah Healy

Posted by Sarah Healy on March 4,2011 | 08:43 AM

Mid-York Library Systems in Central New York has operated a bookmobile for years. I didn't realize they were considered a thing of the past.

Posted by Marlene Davis on February 28,2011 | 07:42 PM

Excellent article. I was encourage by the author's view of the bookmobile and books as components of a necessary balance along with ebooks. Also, as a lifelong,(library)card-carrying reader, just plain enjoyed the nostalgia.

Posted by Teresa Hamann on February 28,2011 | 06:40 PM

I love the fact that bookmobiles are, although scarce, still around. Always enjoyed their visits MANY years ago while in elementary school. Luckily, my town has brought back the elusive bookmobile and whether I go in or not, I love to see it going by.

Posted by Carol Rogers on February 28,2011 | 01:24 PM

Our library in Massillon, Ohio, is proud to be one of the fewer "than 1,000" bookmobiles. The seed of this idea was from a staff member, Leslie Picot, who in the 1980's began planting the seed of this idea with me. We began with a second-hand vehicle which was warmly received by our community after we had closed a branch building less than one mile from the Main Library. The bookmobile required lots less maintenance than that art-deco creation, and it acquainted people with the possibility of using the public library when it came to them rather than their having to go to a building across town.

The experiment came to a faster close than we had expected because of the mechanical demise -- much more rapidly than had been anticipated--of the vehicle. Anne Juhasz and Sherie Brown, who are still on the staff, wrote several grant applications which garnered the almost $200,000 needed to purchase a brand new bookmobile. "The Big Blue Bus" has been on the road delivering books, movies, music, magazines and videogames since 2006.

No parade in our service area is complete without the bookmobile, and several years ago, at one of those parades, all our effort was rewarded when a young spectator shrieked in delight, "There's my bookmobile."

Camille J. Leslie, Director
Massillon Public Library

Posted by Camille J. Leslie on February 26,2011 | 03:08 PM



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