Do Kids Have Too Much Homework?
Across the United States, parents, teachers and administrators alike are rethinking their approach to after-school assignments
- By LynNell Hancock
- Smithsonian.com, August 22, 2011, Subscribe
Homework horror stories are as timeworn as school bullies and cafeteria mystery meat. But as high-stakes testing pressures have mounted over the past decade—and global rankings for America’s schools have declined—homework has come under new scrutiny.
Diane Lowrie says she fled an Ocean County, New Jersey, school district three years ago when she realized her first grader’s homework load was nearly crushing him. Reading logs, repetitive math worksheets, and regular social studies reports turned their living room into an anguished battleground. “Tears were shed, every night,” says Lowrie, 47, an environmental educator, who tried to convince school district administrators that the work was not only numbing, but harmful. “Iain started to hate school, to hate learning, and he was only 6 years old,” she told me in a recent interview.
A 2003 Brookings Institution study suggests that Iain’s experience may be typical of a few children in pressure-cooker schools, but it’s not a widespread problem. Still, a 2004 University of Michigan survey of 2,900 six- to seventeen-year-old children found that time spent each week on homework had increased from 2 hours 38 minutes to 3 hours 58 minutes since 1981. And in his 2001 and 2006 reviews of academic studies of homework outcomes, Harris Cooper, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University, found little correlation between the amount of homework and academic achievement in elementary school (though higher in middle school and high school). Cooper supports the influential ten-minute homework rule, which recommends adding ten daily minutes of homework per grade beginning in first grade, up to a maximum of two hours. Some districts have added no homework on weekends to the formula.
The question of how much homework is enough is widely debated and was a focus of the 2009 documentary Race to Nowhere, a galvanizing cri de coeur about the struggles of kids in high-performing schools. “I can’t remember the last time I had the chance to go in the backyard and just run around,” a teenage girl laments in the film. “I’ve gone through bouts of depression” from too much homework, another confesses. A bewildered-looking third girl says: “I would spend six hours a night on my homework.”
The results of international tests give the homework skeptics ammunition. David Baker and Gerald LeTendre, professors of education at Penn State, found that in countries with the most successful school systems, like Japan, teachers give small amounts homework, while teachers in those with the lowest scores, such as Greece and Iran, give a lot. (Of course the quality of the assignment and the teacher’s use of it also matter.) The United States falls somewhere in the middle—average amounts of homework and average test results. Finnish teachers tend to give minimal amounts of homework throughout all the grades; the New York Times reported Finnish high-school kids averaged only one-half hour a night.
Sara Bennett, a Brooklyn criminal attorney and mother of two, began a second career as an anti-homework activist when her first-grade son brought home homework only a parent could complete. The 2006 book she co-wrote, The Case Against Homework, is credited with propelling a nationwide parent movement calling for time limits on homework.
Last year, the affluent village of Ridgewood, New Jersey, was shaken by two young suicides, causing school officials to look for ways they could ease kids’ anxieties. Anthony Orsini, principal of Ridgewood’s Benjamin Franklin Middle School, eliminated homework for elective courses and set up an online system that lets families know how long many homework assignments should take. “We have a high-powered district,” says Orsini. “The pressures are palpable on these students to succeed. My community is not ready to eliminate homework altogether.”
The trend, instead, is to lessen the quantity while improving the quality of homework by using it to complement classroom work, says Cathy Vatterott, a professor of education at University of Missouri at St. Louis and author of Rethinking Homework: Best Practices That Support Diverse Needs (2009). Cynthia Schneider, principal of World Journalism Preparatory school in Queens for 570 sixth through twelfth graders, plans to encourage all students to read for pleasure every night, then write a thoughtful response. There are also initiatives to “decriminalize” not finishing homework assignments.
As for Diane Lowrie, who left Ocean County because of too much homework, she says Iain, now 10 and heading for fifth grade in Roosevelt, New Jersey, is less stressed out. He recently spent 40 hours working on a book report and diorama about the Battle of Yorktown. “But,” says his mother, “it was his idea and he enjoyed it.”
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Comments (30)
This helped my persuasive text so thanks.
Posted by jake on April 2,2013 | 04:33 AM
US KIDS DONT NEED ALL OF THIS HOMEWORK!!!!!!!
Posted by Brain Jones on March 4,2013 | 02:31 PM
thx for ur help my child is doing less homework
Posted by cookie on February 8,2013 | 06:25 PM
NO MORE HOMEWORK!!!!!
Posted by Cai on February 4,2013 | 04:07 PM
Hello every body. I hope all friends are doing well. So,I think homework is the best way to improve our skills and enhance our knowledge.But,in fact, if there are a lot of homework for students, they will be so tired and annoyed especially when they cant finish it.For instance, they need to play and have some entertainment in order not to get distraught and stressed-out. Any way, I would like to recommend and suggest all instructors and teachers not to give lots of homework to students. Thanks. Noor Agha Azimi From Afghanistan
Posted by Noor Agha Azimi on January 27,2013 | 12:32 AM
This is the truth. I am in 7th grade and i have 4 math sheets front and back each night. In science i have 2 sheets every night both sides. It is already bad enough we are at school for 8 hours. I want to be free for once. Also the fact that we only have 2 days off. Rachel
Posted by on January 15,2013 | 03:31 PM
I’m a 17-year-old junior, always excelled in my classes. My peers have observed this and used to think that I just skate by, not doing any work; that was not the case. The truth is, I worked like a boss every blasted day of school (now up to 12 hours a day or 14 hours on each of the weekend days) to get the grade I had, but I was one of those people who never had time to get out much or do anything fun; I would come home, sit down, do my homework until dinner, and pick it back up for another few hours. By that time, it was around 10 PM; that's when I was in eighth grade! Now, my normal activities include: singing with two choirs, requiring both group practice and my practice; helping other students learn; trying to build a lasting relationship with my family; hanging out with my friends right now, making memories I can look back on after we’ve all moved on in a couple of years. At the very pinnacle of my workload, I'm trying to figure out who I really am and what I want to be, so that I can go through life later on with certainty, instead of roaming around, trying to decide where I want to go to college or where to settle down, how I feel about love, friendship, spirituality, and growth. None of this is very easy for me to do. I don't need to be spending as much time as I do doing the piles of homework that my teachers shove onto my shoulders. I have other things to worry about. All of you who think it's simply a problem of doing the work assigned to you, I have been doing exactly that for over ten years! I am beginning to reach the ends of my ability to perform what has become an overly time-consuming chore that is detrimental to my health. I used to enjoy school! Over the course of the past 5 years, my enthusiasm has waned. Learning is no longer fun for me; I despise school, being altered to more closely resemble a torture chamber than a house of learning or growth. I hope that this issue will become resolved soon, or America may slide even further down the tubes.
Posted by Once Enthusiastic, Now Depressed and Indignant on January 14,2013 | 07:51 PM
i agree kids have to much homework in school
Posted by mystery on January 8,2013 | 09:43 AM
i just dropped out of honors geometry not because i didn't understand it (i understood it perfectly) but because i was getting 20- 30 challenge problems a night and it was taking me too long to get it done. im in 8th grade. Since theres no regular geometry at my school i had to go back to algebra 1, which i got all As in last year. its 10:33 and im still working on a persuasive essay (about too much homework, what else would it be about?). do you think my teachers will accept the end of the world as an excuse for not finishing?
Posted by zzzzzzzzzz on December 20,2012 | 01:34 AM
School stresses me out so much. I have two AP classes (US History and Language and Composition) that in themselves take up at least 2-4 hours a night. The sad part is, I'm in other classes too. I had to ask my precalculus teacher if I could turn my homework in after Winter break because I am so stressed out. This is the first time I have ever asked a teacher if I could turn something in late, and I would have never done it if she wasn't one of my favorites, mind you. I take SAT Prep, Physics, Spanish 4, Gym, and a Video game design course. I am so overwhelmed by everything. My winter break is FULL of homework. I have to do the precalculus stuff, a project for APUS, AND read a novel for AP Language and Comp. I want to get it done before Christmas, but I have other things that I want to do with my family. Teachers need to understand that their class is not the only class a student has! I am trying to balance out school work, bowling, and being an Officer in FBLA. I'm terrified to even attempt to join another activity because I have low B's in my AP classes. I'm worried that this might destroy my chances of getting into a great college when I've been working so hard (I have a 4.011 GPA). Honestly, my teachers are scaring me away from AP courses next year. Although I hear AP Euro is an easier class than APUS, I'm still scared to have another year like this, especially before college. I'd rather stress during college, not High School. If only I could tell my teachers this......
Posted by Amber on December 20,2012 | 09:11 PM
no they dont have to much homework the only time they have to much homework is when they never do it and the teachers give thim time to make it up but thin they say that teachers give thim to much homework
Posted by savannah.m on December 7,2012 | 11:12 AM
1)to much reading 2)middle schoolers need less homework
Posted by Courtney Forzetting on November 5,2012 | 10:36 AM
If I have too many homeworks I simply don't do them. If my teachers have a problem with that too bad.
Posted by Kurty on October 3,2012 | 02:07 PM
I'm a junior in a failing school, while I still achieve highly. I spend at least 4 hours of homework the first night that I can't start until after 4. I'm 3 days into school and already suffering terrible anxiety, but to achieve what's expected of me I can't do anything less than my 4-10 hours of homework a night. I started pre-calc. homework on the first day 20 questions at a time, and then I have to read the section before he teaches it. I'm required to read 1 38-53 page chapter a week for history, I get some Spanish homework, and I also have the vocab words, and assignments for English, plus add up physics homework, band, band practice and out of my time sectionals I have to lead. I have no study hall, only ACT prep class. Trying to add in clubs is a miracle, and I can't say I do particularly well in any. School isn't fun and I have to show up and suffer through migraines or tension headaches almost every day since I was in the fourth grade. (Unrelated) I hate school, especially with the "new food initiative" that practically starves me (a 90 something pound 16 year old). Some nights I have to stay up until after 2 in the morning because of band and homework combined, and I can't work off of my 4 1/2 hours of sleep for the next 8 MONTHS. What happened to 4 classes a day, less homework, more than 5 minutes to scarf down my daily value of carbohydrates, and actually enjoying learning?
Posted by Veronika on August 20,2012 | 08:48 PM
School for me is terrible. I dont have time to eat most of the time because i have huge projects all the time. I dont have time to do the things i love like playing with my dog, riding my bike, hanging with friends. I feel as if i should sell my bike and all my things in my room besides my bed and computer because i need my computer for homework and bed for sleeping. i should just not have any friends because i dont have time for them anyway. homework isnt teaching me a thing because i have so much stuff to memorize that i cant learn anything. it goes into my brain and then right back out. my grades are dropping horribly and im only a sophmore. i feel like ill never make it through college and at this point i dont want to go just so i will fail and waste all that money. i get youre supposed to teach students all this stuff, but my school is just dumb. that cut out a period so now we only have 7 periods instead of 8 and classes are longer...well there went my study hall.
Posted by Dakota on May 10,2012 | 09:16 AM
Hey, homework gets me stressed and upset, I easily get frustrated and depressed with how much I have. Its way tooo much, I say!Kids should be spending afternoons playing or hanging out with friends. Isn't school enough! At the moment I am freaking out about homework I have 11 assignments for 1 week and this is the first day back of school. HELP ME! I just want to cry and leave schools, stress is not healthy for anybody. SO JUST STOP HOMEWORK!!
Posted by Lola on April 24,2012 | 03:57 AM
Hi! Im also a teen, just finishing middle school (in 8th grade) and it sucks. Im one of the ones that sleep more in my class, and I just sleep 7/6 hours daily (get up at 6 and get to sleep at 11 or 12) because of projects, tests, and homeworks. yesterday i just spent since 5pm to about 10pm studying for a biology test. Im eating more, getting fatter, getting stressed, depressed, and I feel I am not having a life! I miss those days in my old school where I could have swimming class, karate, art, and music (my passions!) when now I cant have even a single one of those because all i do is homework, i only have 3 hours soccer a week and 1 of guitar, which I mostly cancel for HW time and for study for tests.
Posted by meee on March 27,2012 | 06:41 PM
hello i was wounderin how many hours do children in finland spend on there homework and what is the purpose in homework there
Posted by angel on February 23,2012 | 09:23 AM
Sharon, I agree with you. My school loads on 2-4 hours of homework DAILY. I wouldn't suggest any kid to take 3 AP classes in high school(unless you LOVE to do work), because before you know it, you are no longer a kid. Come on America, LET'S LEARN FROM FINLAND AND JAPAN! :)
Posted by Lila on November 3,2011 | 02:00 AM
Then too there is the teacher who stands up on the first day of class and proudly announces that she "Grades on a Curve".
None of those teachers ever explained what that actually meant, it wasn't until many years later that I finally learned their intent. The curve that is being referred to is the "Bell Curve". But you won't learn about it until you take a class statistics.
What the "Bell Curve" observes is that given a sufficiently large number of random events, such as balls falling into chutes, the majority of events shall occur in the middle of the range with fewer and fewer of those events occurring at the extremes of the range. When plotted it takes the shape of something which vaguely resembles the outline of a Bell, thus the name.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Standardizing_normal_random_variables
Now one would hope that every teacher wants each of their students to be a success. But that is antithesis to what the teacher who grades on a curve actually intends; for when you "Grade on a Curve", it means that you have already decided in advance that -- Irrespective of the students actual performance -- so many of them are going to "win" and so many of them are going to "fail" and the rest will just be average.
"Grading on a Curve" is an abomination that should be banned. It's only purpose is to define winners and losers, it has nothing to do with actual academic achievement.
Beyond the fact that it unfairly grades the students without regard to their actual performance. It is also a massive abuse and misapplication of the "Bell Curve Principle" and any teacher using it is seriously deficient in their own education. The "Bell Curve" only properly applies to the classification of "Random Events", and one would certainly hope that the teaching that goes on in a classroom is not random.
Posted by manyshoes on September 8,2011 | 09:25 PM
One fundamental mistake that permeates the educational system is the confusion between memorization and knowledge. Is it just a question of laziness or are the teachers so overburdened themselves that they take this massive shortcut? It is far easier to tell students to memorize something and vastly easier to test what they have memorized. But helping students to actually understand something, to actually think about something, and then trying to design a test to see if they understood it, is much much harder. Of course the Finnish answered this dilemma by getting rid of the test and focusing on comprehension rather than memorization, while keeping the environment relaxed and fun.
Recently I saw the results of some sort of statewide academic contest, it was very telling that the contest was won by a student who had been home-schooled.
People ignore the value of the "one-room-school-house" effect. Most educators are completely oblivious to the natural osmosis of students at different levels learning from each other and from being exposed to more advanced material.
Then too, another severe problem, which is only in the early stages of being addressed, is the problem of bullies run-amuck. Far too often, teachers and administrators have turned a blind-eye to this problem and left vulnerable children without protection, or worse yet to accuse them of instigating the problem. The emotional scars of such abuse can last a lifetime. Until every child is provided with a safe and respectful environment, how can they possibly be expected to devote their full attention to learning?
With the American Education system in such disarray, is it any wonder that this country is on the wane?
Posted by manyshoes on September 8,2011 | 08:37 PM
School has become a burden to endure. All the joy of learning and the excitement of exploration has been sapped out of it. When I was a senior in high-school I was appalled at how many of my classmates expressed their relief that school would soon be over and how glad they were that they would never have to learn anything ever again. This I believe is the result of having been force-fed endlessly.
I am reminded of a study that was done back in the days when coal was still shoveled by hand. The natural inclination was to expect the workers to haul as much as they could carry and to go as fast as they could walk. But they tired quickly and productivity was low. Then someone came along and figured out that if they took smaller loads and frequent rest breaks that they could actually haul more coal per day.
This "No child left behind" nonsense, however well intentioned, is a recipe for disaster. The sooner we are rid of it the better. Placing greater burdens upon the students, placing even more emphasis on rote memorization, forcing teachers to teach to "the test". All of these things have the net effect of destroying the true learning that ought to be going on.
Posted by manyshoes on September 8,2011 | 08:35 PM
So many of the assignments that I received as a child were just "make-work", dull repetitive boring assignments with no real goals other than to demand that we prove over and over again that yes indeed we really have memorized that 2+3 equals 5. Children are not as stupid as many adults assume them to be. Ignorance is not the same as lack of intelligence. Children know very quickly which assignments challenge them to learn something new and which are just designed to fulfill some formulaic requirement of time consumed in order to justify funding levels and conform to lesson plans.
Then too, there is another huge, very huge assumption being made. This is the assumption that every child has an idealistic home life; that they will go home to supportive parents and a quiet place for uninterrupted study. Nothing could be further from the truth. Every child does not experience this, only the lucky ones do.
A far too frequent reality is that after spending 7 to 8 hours at school, plus the addition of a not uncommon 1 hour commute each way; that child must now often face a mountain of chores and a mountain of homework, before they even have an inkling of a chance to be children who go outside for some carefree play.
This is not a formula for a happy childhood.
Posted by manyshoes on September 8,2011 | 08:34 PM
Formulaic school work -- both in and out of class -- is precisely what is wrong with the American Education system.
Have our children been produced in a Clone Factory, that they are all so predictable and uniformly compliant? This country claims to extol the virtues of individuality and creativity and yet the current structures treat people, especially children, as so many interchangeable black-boxes, each with identical behavior and abilities.
I ask you, just how exactly is it that a homework assignment can be determined to take 10 minutes to complete?!? 10 minutes for whom? 10 minutes for the teacher? 10 minutes for the top students who happen to have an innate ability with that subject, 10 minutes for the average student? or 10 minutes for the student who is already overburdened and struggling to keep up.
Posted by manyshoes on September 8,2011 | 08:34 PM
We should also look into kids working after school as well. American kids according to a NBC special several years ago work more than any other students in the developed world. Many need to help support their families , often times managers push them to work long hours. Between lots of homework and part to full time jobs and a test ,test , test mentality of our education system maybe we're doing some things wrong.
Posted by Craig on September 2,2011 | 10:41 PM
The improvement of student outcomes is not related to homework, but hours of instruction and quality of instruction. This could be in a well-organized larger class, but is much easier in a classroom with fewer than 20 students.
Posted by Emily Blanck on September 2,2011 | 03:34 PM
yes they do have too much homework!!! i can't even pick up my son's book bag! it's time to lay off them and let them have time to be a kid!
Posted by sharon on September 2,2011 | 12:54 PM
I am all for parents who make certain their children aren't being mistreated or harmed, but I also feel that parental "hovering" is to blame for much of the stress our school-age kids are feeling. School is work, and sometimes school is no fun, but children who are too sheltered from ever stretching themselves beyond what is "comfortable" aren't well trained for life beyond school and college.
Posted by C.J. Hays on September 2,2011 | 12:32 PM
I so admire parents that DO something about too much homework! It is easy to complain and force children to do meaningless homework, but it takes courage and resolve to speak up and stand up to teachers, principals and districts.
Posted by Angela of Family Homework Answers on August 27,2011 | 08:00 PM
Perhaps some kids need to be guided to work more efficiently. There's no way a kid should spend anywhere close to 40 hours on a book report and diorama. It's great that he enjoyed doing it, but I'd worry about how he'll feel when he's working on a similar report he doesn't enjoy.
Posted by Kathy on August 26,2011 | 06:42 PM